Characterization of polyphenols and carbohydrates exuded by Phaeodactylum tricornutum diatom grown under Cu stress.

This study is focused on analysing polyphenols and carbohydrates released by Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) diatoms cultured in natural seawater enriched with sublethal and lethal Cu doses. Cu concentrations of 0.31, 0.79 and 1.57 µM reduced cell densities by 37, 82 and 91%, respectively, compared to the control. The total sum of all identified polyphenols and total carbohydrates released by cells grown under lethal Cu levels increased up to 18.8 and 107.4 times, respectively, compared to data from a control experiment. Four different in vitro assays were used to estimate the antioxidant activities of the extracellular compounds: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power and Cu complexing ability (CCA). The highest antioxidant activities were observed in the Cu lethal treatments, where the CCA assay exhibited a greater increase (up to 32.2 times higher than that found in the control experiment) to reduce the concentration of free Cu in the medium and its toxicity. The presence of Cu stimulated the release of polyphenols and carbohydrates to the medium as a detoxification mechanism to survive under lethal levels of Cu regulating its speciation.

Public health surveillance and the data, information, knowledge, intelligence and wisdom paradigm.

This article points out deficiencies in present-day definitions of public health surveillance, which include data collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination, but not public health action. Controlling a public health problem of concern requires a public health response that goes beyond information dissemination. It is undesirable to have public health divided into data generation processes (public health surveillance) and data use processes (public health response), managed by two separate groups (surveillance experts and policy-makers). It is time to rethink the need to modernize the definition of public health surveillance, inspired by the authors' enhanced Data, Information, Knowledge, Intelligence and Wisdom model. Our recommendations include expanding the scope of public health surveillance beyond information dissemination to comprise actionable knowledge (intelligence); mandating surveillance experts to assist policy-makers in making evidence-informed decisions; encouraging surveillance experts to become policy-makers; and incorporating public health literacy training - from data to knowledge to wisdom - into the curricula for all public health professionals. Work on modernizing the scope and definition of public health surveillance will be a good starting point.

En este artículo se señalan las deficiencias de las definiciones actuales de la vigilancia de salud pública, que incluyen la recopilación, el análisis, la interpretación y la difusión de los datos, pero no las medidas de salud pública. El control de un problema de salud pública de interés exige una respuesta de salud pública que vaya más allá de la difusión de información. No es deseable que la salud pública esté dividida por un lado en procesos de generación de datos (vigilancia de salud pública) y por otro en procesos de uso de datos (respuesta de salud pública), gestionados por dos grupos diferentes (expertos en vigilancia y responsables de la formulación de políticas). Ha llegado el momento de replantear la necesidad de modernizar la definición de la vigilancia de salud pública tomando como referencia el modelo mejorado de Datos, Información, Conocimiento, Inteligencia y Sabiduría de los autores. Entre las recomendaciones que se proponen se encuentran las de ampliar el alcance de la vigilancia de salud pública más allá de la difusión de información para que incluya también el conocimiento aplicable (inteligencia); instar a los expertos en vigilancia a que presten ayuda a los responsables de la formulación de políticas en la toma de decisiones basadas en la evidencia; alentar a los expertos en vigilancia a que se conviertan en responsables de la formulación de políticas; e incorporar la formación en conocimientos básicos de salud pública (desde los datos hasta los conocimientos y la sabiduría) en los planes de estudio de todos los profesionales de la salud pública. Un buen punto de partida será trabajar en la modernización del alcance y la definición de la vigilancia de salud pública.

Este artigo aponta deficiências nas definições atuais de vigilância em saúde pública, que incluem coleta, análise, interpretação e disseminação de dados, mas não ações de saúde pública. O controle de um problema preocupante de saúde pública exige uma resposta de saúde pública que vá além da disseminação de informações. A saúde pública não deve ser dividida em processos de geração de dados (vigilância em saúde pública) e processos de uso de dados (resposta de saúde pública) gerenciados por dois grupos distintos (especialistas em vigilância e formuladores de políticas). É hora de repensar a necessidade de modernizar a definição de vigilância em saúde pública, inspirada no modelo aprimorado de Dados, Informações, Conhecimento, Inteligência e Sabedoria dos autores. Nossas recomendações incluem: expansão do escopo da vigilância em saúde pública para além da disseminação de informações, de modo a abranger conhecimentos acionáveis (inteligência); obrigatoriedade de que os especialistas em vigilância auxiliem os formuladores de políticas na tomada de decisões baseadas em evidências; incentivo para que os especialistas em vigilância se tornem formuladores de políticas; e incorporação de capacitação em letramento em saúde pública (partindo dos dados para o conhecimento e em seguida para a sabedoria) nos currículos de todos os profissionais de saúde pública. O trabalho de modernizar o escopo e a definição de vigilância em saúde pública será um bom ponto de partida.

Public health surveillance and the data, information, knowledge, intelligence and wisdom paradigm / Vigilancia de salud pública y el paradigma de datos, información, conocimiento, inteligencia y sabiduría / Vigilância em saúde pública e o paradigma de dados, informações, conhecimento, inteligência e sabedoria

[ABSTRACT]. This article points out deficiencies in present-day definitions of public health surveillance, which include data collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination, but not public health action. Controlling a public health problem of concern requires a public health response that goes beyond information dissemination. It is unde- sirable to have public health divided into data generation processes (public health surveillance) and data use processes (public health response), managed by two separate groups (surveillance experts and policy-makers). It is time to rethink the need to modernize the definition of public health surveillance, inspired by the authors’ enhanced Data, Information, Knowledge, Intelligence and Wisdom model. Our recommendations include expanding the scope of public health surveillance beyond information dissemination to comprise actionable knowledge (intelligence); mandating surveillance experts to assist policy-makers in making evidence-informed decisions; encouraging surveillance experts to become policy-makers; and incorporating public health literacy training – from data to knowledge to wisdom – into the curricula for all public health professionals. Work on modernizing the scope and definition of public health surveillance will be a good starting point.

[RESUMEN]. En este artículo se señalan las deficiencias de las definiciones actuales de la vigilancia de salud pública, que incluyen la recopilación, el análisis, la interpretación y la difusión de los datos, pero no las medidas de salud pública. El control de un problema de salud pública de interés exige una respuesta de salud pública que vaya más allá de la difusión de información. No es deseable que la salud pública esté dividida por un lado en procesos de generación de datos (vigilancia de salud pública) y por otro en procesos de uso de datos (respuesta de salud pública), gestionados por dos grupos diferentes (expertos en vigilancia y responsables de la formulación de políticas). Ha llegado el momento de replantear la necesidad de modernizar la definición de la vigilancia de salud pública tomando como referencia el modelo mejorado de Datos, Información, Cono- cimiento, Inteligencia y Sabiduría de los autores. Entre las recomendaciones que se proponen se encuentran las de ampliar el alcance de la vigilancia de salud pública más allá de la difusión de información para que incluya también el conocimiento aplicable (inteligencia); instar a los expertos en vigilancia a que presten ayuda a los responsables de la formulación de políticas en la toma de decisiones basadas en la evidencia; alentar a los expertos en vigilancia a que se conviertan en responsables de la formulación de políticas; e incorporar la formación en conocimientos básicos de salud pública (desde los datos hasta los conocimientos y la sabiduría) en los planes de estudio de todos los profesionales de la salud pública. Un buen punto de partida será trabajar en la modernización del alcance y la definición de la vigilancia de salud pública.

[RESUMO]. Este artigo aponta deficiências nas definições atuais de vigilância em saúde pública, que incluem coleta, análise, interpretação e disseminação de dados, mas não ações de saúde pública. O controle de um prob- lema preocupante de saúde pública exige uma resposta de saúde pública que vá além da disseminação de informações. A saúde pública não deve ser dividida em processos de geração de dados (vigilância em saúde pública) e processos de uso de dados (resposta de saúde pública) gerenciados por dois grupos distintos (especialistas em vigilância e formuladores de políticas). É hora de repensar a necessidade de modernizar a definição de vigilância em saúde pública, inspirada no modelo aprimorado de Dados, Informações, Con- hecimento, Inteligência e Sabedoria dos autores. Nossas recomendações incluem: expansão do escopo da vigilância em saúde pública para além da disseminação de informações, de modo a abranger conhecimentos acionáveis (inteligência); obrigatoriedade de que os especialistas em vigilância auxiliem os formuladores de políticas na tomada de decisões baseadas em evidências; incentivo para que os especialistas em vigilân- cia se tornem formuladores de políticas; e incorporação de capacitação em letramento em saúde pública (partindo dos dados para o conhecimento e em seguida para a sabedoria) nos currículos de todos os profis- sionais de saúde pública. O trabalho de modernizar o escopo e a definição de vigilância em saúde pública será um bom ponto de partida.

Public health surveillance and the data, information, knowledge, intelligence and wisdom paradigm / Vigilancia de salud pública y el paradigma de datos, información, conocimiento, inteligencia y sabiduría / Vigilância em saúde pública e o paradigma de dados, informações, conhecimento, inteligência e sabedoria

ABSTRACT This article points out deficiencies in present-day definitions of public health surveillance, which include data collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination, but not public health action. Controlling a public health problem of concern requires a public health response that goes beyond information dissemination. It is undesirable to have public health divided into data generation processes (public health surveillance) and data use processes (public health response), managed by two separate groups (surveillance experts and policy-makers). It is time to rethink the need to modernize the definition of public health surveillance, inspired by the authors' enhanced Data, Information, Knowledge, Intelligence and Wisdom model. Our recommendations include expanding the scope of public health surveillance beyond information dissemination to comprise actionable knowledge (intelligence); mandating surveillance experts to assist policy-makers in making evidence-informed decisions; encouraging surveillance experts to become policy-makers; and incorporating public health literacy training - from data to knowledge to wisdom - into the curricula for all public health professionals. Work on modernizing the scope and definition of public health surveillance will be a good starting point.

RESUMEN En este artículo se señalan las deficiencias de las definiciones actuales de la vigilancia de salud pública, que incluyen la recopilación, el análisis, la interpretación y la difusión de los datos, pero no las medidas de salud pública. El control de un problema de salud pública de interés exige una respuesta de salud pública que vaya más allá de la difusión de información. No es deseable que la salud pública esté dividida por un lado en procesos de generación de datos (vigilancia de salud pública) y por otro en procesos de uso de datos (respuesta de salud pública), gestionados por dos grupos diferentes (expertos en vigilancia y responsables de la formulación de políticas). Ha llegado el momento de replantear la necesidad de modernizar la definición de la vigilancia de salud pública tomando como referencia el modelo mejorado de Datos, Información, Conocimiento, Inteligencia y Sabiduría de los autores. Entre las recomendaciones que se proponen se encuentran las de ampliar el alcance de la vigilancia de salud pública más allá de la difusión de información para que incluya también el conocimiento aplicable (inteligencia); instar a los expertos en vigilancia a que presten ayuda a los responsables de la formulación de políticas en la toma de decisiones basadas en la evidencia; alentar a los expertos en vigilancia a que se conviertan en responsables de la formulación de políticas; e incorporar la formación en conocimientos básicos de salud pública (desde los datos hasta los conocimientos y la sabiduría) en los planes de estudio de todos los profesionales de la salud pública. Un buen punto de partida será trabajar en la modernización del alcance y la definición de la vigilancia de salud pública.

RESUMO Este artigo aponta deficiências nas definições atuais de vigilância em saúde pública, que incluem coleta, análise, interpretação e disseminação de dados, mas não ações de saúde pública. O controle de um problema preocupante de saúde pública exige uma resposta de saúde pública que vá além da disseminação de informações. A saúde pública não deve ser dividida em processos de geração de dados (vigilância em saúde pública) e processos de uso de dados (resposta de saúde pública) gerenciados por dois grupos distintos (especialistas em vigilância e formuladores de políticas). É hora de repensar a necessidade de modernizar a definição de vigilância em saúde pública, inspirada no modelo aprimorado de Dados, Informações, Conhecimento, Inteligência e Sabedoria dos autores. Nossas recomendações incluem: expansão do escopo da vigilância em saúde pública para além da disseminação de informações, de modo a abranger conhecimentos acionáveis (inteligência); obrigatoriedade de que os especialistas em vigilância auxiliem os formuladores de políticas na tomada de decisões baseadas em evidências; incentivo para que os especialistas em vigilância se tornem formuladores de políticas; e incorporação de capacitação em letramento em saúde pública (partindo dos dados para o conhecimento e em seguida para a sabedoria) nos currículos de todos os profissionais de saúde pública. O trabalho de modernizar o escopo e a definição de vigilância em saúde pública será um bom ponto de partida.

A One Health approach based on genomics for enhancing the Salmonella enterica surveillance in Colombia.

Objectives: This study aimed to provide evidence of the domestic benefits of introducing an integrative genomic analysis from the One Health approach in the national surveillance of Salmonella enterica between 1997-2017 in Colombia. Methods: Data on Salmonella from clinical laboratory-based surveillance between 1997-2017 and from a national cross-sectional study at chicken retail stores in Colombia were compared using a phenotypic, molecular, and genomic approaches. Additional analysis by serovar using single nucleotide polymorphism was developed to increase the resolution of the relatedness between the interfaces. Results: Locally, the diversity and pathogenic factors of the prevalent S. enterica serovars associated with foodborne disease in Colombia were described using laboratory, pulse field gel electrophoresis, and whole genome sequencing data. For example, the resolution of pulse field gel electrophoresis allowed the description of two main foodborne clusters of Salmonella Enteritidis isolates, which were expanded to eight foodborne clades using whole genome sequencing. Likewise, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance determinants, and mobile genetic elements that converged in the foodborne clades should be considered a public health concern in Colombia. All results by serovar were compiled in an interactive easy to share report. Conclusion: Whole genome sequencing is a technology that provides a precise assessment of emerging foodborne risks such as the Salmonella foodborne clades, but it requires an integrative and continued collaboration between the stakeholders across the One Health sectors to promote appropriated actions and policies in public health.

Bacteremia by non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae: Case description and literature review. / Bacteriemia por Vibrio cholerae no-O1/no-O139: descripción de un caso y revisión de la literatura

Bacteremia by non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae is a rare entity associated with high mortality rates. We report a case of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae bacteremia confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and agglutination tests. The clinicoepidemiological characteristics and therapeutic options for this infection are also described.

La bacteriemia por V. cholerae no-O1/no-O139 es una entidad poco frecuente que se asocia con altas tasas de mortalidad. Reportamos un caso de bacteriemia por V. cholerae no-O1/no-O139 confirmado por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y test de aglutinación. Se describen además las características clínico-epidemiológicas y opciones terapéuticas para esta infección.

The impact of acute and chronic stress on gastrointestinal physiology and function: a microbiota-gut-brain axis perspective.

The physiological consequences of stress often manifest in the gastrointestinal tract. Traumatic or chronic stress is associated with widespread maladaptive changes throughout the gut, although comparatively little is known about the effects of acute stress. Furthermore, these stress-induced changes in the gut may increase susceptibility to gastrointestinal disorders and infection, and impact critical features of the neural and behavioural consequences of the stress response by impairing gut-brain axis communication. Understanding the mechanisms behind changes in enteric nervous system circuitry, visceral sensitivity, gut barrier function, permeability, and the gut microbiota following stress is an important research objective with pathophysiological implications in both neurogastroenterology and psychiatry. Moreover, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key aspect of physiology sensitive to the effects of stress. In this review, we focus on different aspects of the gastrointestinal tract including gut barrier function as well as the immune, humoral and neuronal elements involved in gut-brain communication. Furthermore, we discuss the evidence for a role of stress in gastrointestinal disorders. Existing gaps in the current literature are highlighted, and possible avenues for future research with an integrated physiological perspective have been suggested. A more complete understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the integrated host and microbial response to different kinds of stressors in the gastrointestinal tract will enable full exploitation of the diagnostic and therapeutic potential in the fast-evolving field of host-microbiome interactions.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling from prefrontal cortex to lateral septum suppresses interaction with familiar mice.

Social preference, the decision to interact with one member of the same species over another, is critical to optimize social interactions. Thus, adult rodents favor interacting with novel conspecifics over familiar ones, but whether this social preference stems from neural circuits facilitating interactions with novel individuals or suppressing interactions with familiar ones remains unknown. Here, we identify neurons in the infra-limbic area (ILA) of the mouse prefrontal cortex that express the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and project to the dorsal region of the rostral lateral septum (rLS). We show how release of CRH during familiar encounters disinhibits rLS neurons, thereby suppressing social interactions with familiar mice and contributing to social novelty preference. We further demonstrate how the maturation of CRH expression in ILA during the first 2 post-natal weeks enables the developmental shift from a preference for littermates in juveniles to a preference for novel mice in adults.

Bacteremia by non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae: Case description and literature review / Bacteriemia por Vibrio cholerae no-O1/no-O139: descripción de un caso y revisión de la literatura

Bacteremia by non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae is a rare entity associated with high mortality rates. We report a case of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae bacteremia confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and agglutination tests. The clinicoepidemiological characteristics and therapeutic options for this infection are also described.

La bacteriemia por Vibrio cholerae no-O1/no-O139 es una entidad poco frecuente que se asocia con altas tasas de mortalidad. Se reporta un caso de bacteriemia por V. cholerae no-O1/no-O139 confirmado por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y test de aglutinación. Se describen las características clinicoepidemiológicas y las opciones terapéuticas para esta infección.

Copper toxicity leads to accumulation of free amino acids and polyphenols in Phaeodactylum tricornutum diatoms.

This work is focused on the effect of lethal and sub-lethal copper (Cu) concentrations on the free amino acid and polyphenol production by the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) after 12, 18, and 21 days of exposure. The concentrations of 10 amino acids (arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, lysine, methionine, proline, valine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine) and 10 polyphenols (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, catechin, vanillic acid, epicatechin syringic acid, rutin, and gentisic acid) were measured by RP-HPLC. Under lethal doses of Cu, free amino acids reached levels significantly higher than those in the control cells (up to 21.9 times higher), where histidine and methionine showed the highest increases (up to 37.4 and 65.8 times higher, respectively). The total phenolic content also increased up to 11.3 and 5.59 times higher compared to the reference cells, showing gallic acid the highest increase (45.8 times greater). The antioxidant activities of cells exposed to Cu were also enhanced with increasing doses of Cu(II). They were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability (RSA), cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Malonaldehyde (MDA) exhibited the same tendency: cells grown at the highest lethal Cu concentration yielded the highest MDA level. These findings reflect the involvement of amino acids and polyphenols in protective mechanisms to overcome the toxicity of copper in marine microalgae.

Predictors and Management of Relapse to Axicabtagene Ciloleucel in Patients with Aggressive B-cell Lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: Despite the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (aNHL), some patients still fail treatment, and their prognosis is dismal. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of aNHL patients treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) at two Mayo Clinic centers between 2018 and 2020. We evaluated predictive factors, toxicities, and responses to salvage regimens after CAR T-cell therapy. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients received axi-cel with a median length of hospitalization of 14 days. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome of any grade occurred in 91% and 41% of patients, respectively. Furthermore, 71% of patients responded to therapy, with 53% achieving a complete response (CR). The CRS grade and absolute lymphocyte count at leukapheresis (ALCLeuk) correlated with CR and overall survival (OS), respectively. After a median follow-up of 6.8 months (interquartile range [IQR] 4.6-14.9), 15 patients (44%) showed progressive disease (PD). Most patients (60%) progressed during the first 3 months and had persistent CD19 tumor expression. Elevated C-reactive protein at baseline increased the risk of PD, whereas elevated ferritin increased PD and mortality risk. Twelve patients received salvage therapy, but only three responded. Median OS of relapsed/refractory patients to axi-cel was 3 months (IQR 1.3-5.1). CONCLUSION: The grade of CRS and ALCLeuk correlated with better outcomes to axi-cel therapy. In addition, elevated inflammatory markers at baseline were associated with PD and shorter survival. Relapses after treatment frequently occur within months after axi-cel infusion; they confer a poor prognosis and create an urgent need for novel and effective treatment options in this patient population.

Incidence of hypertension in young transgender people after a 5-year follow-up: association with gender-affirming hormonal therapy.

In order to assess the risk of hypertension development, we performed a retrospective analysis of the clinical records of consecutive transgender patients who began gender-affirming hormonal therapy in our Outpatient Gender Identity Clinic with <30 years of age and had a follow-up >5 years. 149 transgender women treated with estradiol and 153 transgender men treated with testosterone were included; 129 of the transgender women received also androgen blockers (54 spironolactone, 49 cyproterone acetate and 26 LHRH agonists). The annual incidence of hypertension in young transgender men (1.18%) seemed comparable to that of the general population. In young transgender women, it seemed higher (2.14%); we found that the choice of androgen blocker had a remarkable effect, with a highly significant increase in patients treated with cyproterone acetate (4.90%) vs. the rest (0.80%); the adjusted hazard-ratio was 0.227 (p = 0.001). Correlation, logistic regression and mediation analyses were performed for the associations of the available clinical variables with the increase in systolic blood pressure and the onset of hypertension, but besides the use of cyproterone acetate, only the ponderal gain was found significant (Spearman's r: 0.361, p < 0.001); with a 36.7% mediation effect (31.2-42.3%). Cyproterone acetate has additional known risks, such as meningioma; although we cannot conclusively prove that it has a role in the development of hypertension, we conclude that the use of cyproterone acetate for this indication should be reconsidered.

In-hive learning of specific mimic odours as a tool to enhance honey bee foraging and pollination activities in pear and apple crops.

The areas devoted to agriculture that depend on pollinators have been sharply increased in the last decades with a concomitant growing global demand for pollination services. This forces to consider new strategies in pollinators' management to improve their efficiency. To promote a precision pollination towards a specific crop, we developed two simple synthetic odorant mixtures that honey bees generalized with their respective natural floral scents of the crop. We chose two commercial crops for fruit production that often coexist in agricultural settings, the apple (Malus domesticus) and the pear trees (Pyrus communis). Feeding colonies with sucrose solution scented with the apple mimic (AM) or the pear mimic (PM) odour enabled the establishment of olfactory memories that can bias bees towards the flowers of these trees. Encompassing different experimental approaches, our results support the offering of scented food to improve foraging and pollination activities of honey bees. The circulation of AM-scented sucrose solution inside the hive promoted higher colony activity, probably associated with greater activity of nectar foragers. The offering of PM-scented sucrose solution did not increase colony activity but led to greater pollen collection, which is consistent with pear flowers offering mainly pollen as resources for the bees. Results obtained from apple and pear crops suggest that the offering of AM- and PM-scented sucrose solution increased fruit yields. This preliminary study highlights the role of in-hive olfactory learning to bias foraging preferences within pome fruit crops.

Manejo integral de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil y adolescente: Revisión sistemática de la literatura / Comprehensive management of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity: Systematic review of the literature

Fundamentos: El estado nutricional de la población infantil está relacionado con el desarrollo de una naciónsiendo necesario implementar estrategias que permitan mejorar las condiciones de salud y nutrición de lapoblación, por ello el objetivo fue realizar una revisión documental y proponer estrategias para orientar lasintervenciones para el abordaje de las alteraciones nutricionales por exceso en los momentos de curso de vida,primera infancia, infancia y adolescencia.Métodos: Estudio de revisión sistemática de literatura estructurada bajo la declaración PRISMA, en el periodocomprendido entre enero de 2016 a noviembre de 2021. Las bases de datos establecidas para la búsquedafueron: SCOPUS, PUBMED, LILACS y SCIENCE DIRECT.Resultados: Fueron incluidos 74 artículos, que permitió categorizar las estrategias en cuatro ejes, actividadfísica, dietoterapia, conducta alimentaria e intervenciones en salud; de lo cual se pudo revisar las diversasrecomendaciones a la actualidad del manejo del sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil.Conclusiones: Se demostró la importancia de generar estrategias y recomendaciones para el abordaje de lasalteraciones nutricionales por exceso en niños, niñas y adolescentes, relacionadas con el diagnóstico oportunoy planes de tratamiento inter y transdisciplinarios. (AU)

Background: The nutritional status of the child population is related to the development of a nation and it isnecessary to implement strategies to improve the health and nutritional conditions of the population.Therefore, the objective was to conduct a documentary review and propose strategies to guide interventionsto address nutritional disorders due to excess in the moments of the life course, early childhood, infancy andadolescence.Methods: Systematic literature review study structured under the PRISMA statement, in the period fromJanuary 2016 to November 2021. The databases established for the search were: SCOPUS, PUBMED, LILACS,and SCIENCE DIRECT.Results: 74 articles were included, which allowed categorizing the strategies in four axes, physical activity, diettherapy, eating behavior and health interventions; from which it was possible to review the variousrecommendations on the current management of childhood overweight and obesity.Conclusions: The importance of generating strategies and recommendations for the approach to nutritionalalterations due to excess in children and adolescents, related to timely diagnosis and inter and transdisciplinarytreatment plans, was demonstrated. (AU)

Bioactive Metabolites of Microalgae from Canary Islands for Functional Food and Feed Uses.

Three freshwater microalgae (Spirogyra sp., Cosmarium sp., and Cosmarium blytii) collected from several locations in Gran Canaria have been studied to explore their potential as a novel source of bioactive compounds for biotechnological applications. Soluble carbohydrates were quantified after extraction with 3 M HCl at 100 °C, ranging from 35.8 to 43.3 %, and with water at room temperature, ranging from 19 to 22.8 %. Amino acids glutamic acid, proline and aspartic acid were quantified by RP-HPLC. Glutamic acid was the most abundant, ranging from 12.2 to 3.63 mg g-1 of dry biomass. Cosmarium blytii was the richest sample in amino acids (24.02 mg g-1 of dry weight). In addition, Cosmarium blytii and Spyrogira sp. exhibited higher radical scavenging activity (RSA) against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) than that of the synthetic antioxidant butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), commonly used as food additive. These results show a great potential of these microalgae for exploitation in the food, feed and pharmaceutical industries.

Larval Competition Between Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Argentina: Coexistence and Implications in the Distribution of the Asian Tiger Mosquito.

Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) are worldwide vectors of dengue and yellow fever viruses. These species coexist in many countries and the biotic interactions between them can influence their abundances and distributions. In Argentina, Ae. aegypti is widely distributed in the north and center regions of the country, with temperate and subtropical climate, while both are sympatric only in the northeastern area of the subtropical region. Interspecific and intraspecific larval competition for food was evaluated to assess if their interaction influences on patterns of abundance and distribution. Finite rates of increase and survivorship for each species were estimated and the effects of mosquito density ratio and detritus availability were determined. The Lambda (λ´) index of population performance of both showed there is no competitive exclusion pattern. However, survival of Ae. albopictus was negatively affected by the presence of Ae. aegypti. These results suggest one possible explanation for the codominance pattern of both species display in rural regions of the southernmost distribution of Ae. albopictus in South America. They also show Ae. aegypti as a potential biotic barrier for the expansion of Ae. albopictus as was reported in regions of the United States.

[Analysis of budgetary impact of COVID-19 vaccination in Latin AmericaAnálise do impacto orçamentário da vacinação contra a COVID-19 na América Latina]. / Análisis de impacto presupuestal de la vacunación contra COVID-19 en América Latina.

Objective: To estimate the budgetary impact of COVID-19 vaccination in six Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, during the 2021-2022 biennium. Methods: Vaccines from Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV), Janssen (JNJ-78436735), Gamaleya Institute (Gam-COVID-Vac), Sinovac (CoronaVac), CanSino (Convidecia), AstraZeneca (Vaxzevria), Moderna (mRNA-1273), and Pfizer (BNT162b2) were evaluated, according to their availability in each country. The health system perspective was adopted, so that only direct health care costs were included. The time horizon adopted took into account the implementation times of each vaccination plan, excluding children under 16 years of age and pregnant persons. The following costs were included: cost of vaccination/vaccine administration and costs of hospitalization (general isolation, stepdown care, and intensive care). Two vaccination scenarios were compared: 1) population wanting to be vaccinated (according to national surveys); and 2) population that should be vaccinated (total population susceptible to vaccination). The aggregate costs for each vaccination scenario were compared with the no-vaccination scenario. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results: The different COVID-19 vaccination regimens available in Latin America generate potential savings ranging from USD 100 million to USD 1.5 billion per country for the 2021-2022 biennium, assuming that the vaccination plan proposed for each country is fully implemented. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination is a strategy that not only reduces morbidity and mortality in Latin America, but also generates potential savings for health systems in the region.

Objetivo: Estimar o impacto orçamentário da vacinação contra a COVID-19 em seis países da América Latina: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, México e Peru, no período 2021-2022. Métodos: Foram avaliadas as vacinas da Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV), Janssen (JNJ-78436735), Instituto Gamaleya (Gam-COVID-Vac), Sinovac (CoronaVac), CanSino (Convidecia), AstraZeneca (Vaxzevria), Moderna (mRNA-1273) e Pfizer (BNT162b2), conforme a disponibilidade para cada país. Adotou-se a perspectiva do sistema de saúde, de forma que só foram incluídos custos médicos diretos. O horizonte temporal foi adotado levando em consideração os tempos de implementação de cada plano de vacinação, excluindo crianças menores de 16 anos e gestantes. Foram incluídos os seguintes custos: custos de vacinação e aplicação, custos gerais de hospitalização, isolamento, e cuidados intermediários e intensivos. Compararam-se dois cenários de vacinação: 1) população disposta a se vacinar (com base em pesquisas nacionais) e 2) população que deveria ser vacinada (total elegível de vacinação). Os custos agregados para cada cenário de vacinação foram comparados com o cenário de não vacinação. Além disso, foram realizadas análises de sensibilidade determinísticas e probabilísticas. Resultados: Os diferentes esquemas de vacinação contra a COVID-19 disponíveis na América Latina geram economias potenciais entre 100 milhões e 1,5 bilhão de dólares por país para o período 2021-2022, considerando a implementação completa do plano de vacinação previsto em cada país. Conclusões: A vacinação contra a COVID-19 é uma estratégia que, além de reduzir a morbidade e a mortalidade na América Latina, gera economias potenciais para os sistemas de saúde da região.

Characterisation of the pathophysiology of neuropathy and sensory dysfunction in a mouse model of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.

ABSTRACT: Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a rare genetic condition in which mutations in the type VII collagen gene ( COL7A1 ) lead to decreased expression of this anchoring protein of the skin, causing the loss of stability at the dermo-epidermal junction. Most patients with RDEB experience neuropathic pain and itch due to the development of a small fibre neuropathy, characterised by decreased intraepidermal innervation and thermal hypoaesthesia. To understand the physiopathology of this neuropathy, we used a mouse model of RDEB (Col7a1 flNeo/flNeo ) and performed a detailed characterisation of the somatosensory system. Col7a1 flNeo/flNeo mice showed a decrease in heat sensitivity, an increase in spontaneous scratching, and a significant decrease in intraepidermal nerve fibre density in the hindpaw; these changes were distal because there was no significant loss of unmyelinated or myelinated fibres in the nerve trunk. Of interest, we observed a decrease in axon diameter in both myelinated and unmyelinated fibres. This axonal damage was not associated with inflammation of the dorsal root ganglion or central projection targets at the time of assessment. These results suggest that in RDEB, there is a distal degeneration of axons produced by exclusive damage of small fibres in the epidermis, and in contrast with traumatic and acute neuropathies, it does not induce sustained neuroinflammation. Thus, this animal model emphasizes the importance of a healthy cutaneous environment for maintenance of epidermal innervation and faithfully replicates the pathology in humans, offering the opportunity to use this model in the development of treatments for pain for patients with RDEB.

Ibrutinib plus Obinutuzumab as Frontline Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Is Associated with a Lower Rate of Infusion-Related Reactions and with Sustained Remissions after Ibrutinib Discontinuation: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Phase 1b/2 Clinical Trial NCT0231576.

Ibrutinib-based therapies are costly and require continuous administration. We hypothesized combining BTK inhibition with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies would yield deep remissions allowing discontinuation. We enrolled 32 therapy-naïve CLL patients to receive ibrutinib plus obinutuzumab, followed by single-agent ibrutinib. Patients could discontinue ibrutinib after 36 months with sustained complete response (CR). We evaluated treatment safety, efficacy, and outcomes after ibrutinib discontinuation. The overall response rate was 100%, 28% achieved a CR, and 12.5% achieved bone marrow undetectable minimal residual disease. At a three-year median follow-up, 91% remain in remission with 100% overall survival. Five patients in sustained CR stopped ibrutinib and have not progressed. Eight non-CR patients discontinued for other reasons, with only two progressing. The treatment was safe, with a lower IRR rate. All patients responded to treatment with longer time-to-progression after discontinuation of ibrutinib. Our data support the evaluation of ibrutinib discontinuation strategies in more extensive clinical trials (https://Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02315768).

Incidence of thrombosis in relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel: Mayo Clinic experience.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is effective in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma and results in a unique toxicity profile, namely cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. The hyper-inflammatory state associated with these toxicities has been suggested to increase the risk of thrombosis. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) to assess the rate of thrombosis with axi-cel therapy from the time of CAR T-cell infusion until the end of hospitalization, when performed in the inpatient setting, or up to day +30 when performed in the outpatient setting. Ninety-two (95%) of 97 patients were hospitalized during axi-cel therapy and 85 (88%) developed CRS. Fifty-five patients (57%) received concurrent anticoagulation (53 as prophylaxis). Patients with prior VTE did not have progression or evidence of new VTE. Only 2 (2.1%) patients developed VTE. These results demonstrate a low-risk for thrombosis in axi-cel recipients.